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Bánh mì
' (; (:ɓǎɲ mî)) is a Vietnamese term for all kinds of bread. The word is derived from ' and ' (wheat, also spelt ' in northern Vietnam). Bread, or more specifically the baguette, was introduced by the French during its colonial period.〔Nicholls, Walter (February 6, 2008). (The Banh Mi of My Dreams ). ''Washington Post''.〕 The bread most commonly found in Vietnam is a single-serving baguette, therefore the term ' is synonymous with this type of bread. The ' is usually more airy than its Western counterpart, with a thinner crust. It is sometimes metonymous with a food item known as a "Vietnamese sandwich" (or, in Louisiana, as a "Vietnamese po' boy"〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://wwno.org/post/vietnamese-po-boy )〕 or in Philadelphia as a "Vietnamese hoagie"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top 5 Banh Mi (Vietnamese Hoagies) )〕), for which the ' serves as the bread wrapper.
==History==
In the Western Hemisphere, especially in areas with substantial Vietnamese expatriate communities, the term is used to refer to a type of meat-filled sandwich on ''bánh mì'' bread, found in Vietnamese bakeries. Unlike the traditional French baguette, the Vietnamese baguette is made with rice flour along with wheat flour. Typical fillings include steamed, pan-roasted or oven-roasted seasoned pork belly, Vietnamese sausage, grilled pork, grilled pork patties, spreadable pork liver ''pâté'', pork floss, grilled chicken, chicken floss, canned sardines in tomato sauce, soft pork meatballs in tomato sauce, head cheese, fried eggs, mock duck, and tofu. Accompanying vegetables typically include fresh cucumber slices, cilantro (leaves of the coriander plant) and pickled carrots and daikon in shredded form. Common condiments include spicy chili sauce, sliced chilis, mayonnaise, and cheese.〔Walter Nicholls, (The Banh Mi of My Dreams ), Washington Post, February 6, 2008〕
In the Vietnamese language, these sandwiches would be referred to as e.g. ''bánh mì xíu mại'' for a baguette with crushed pork meatball, ''bánh mì pâté chả thịt'' for a baguette or sandwich with ''pâté'', Vietnamese sausage and meat, usually pork bellies, since it is the most common kind of meat. Almost all of these varieties are innovations made by or introduced in Saigon and they are known as ''bánh mì Sài Gòn'' ("Saigon-Style" ''banh mi''); the most popular form is ''bánh mì thịt'' (''thịt'' means "meat").〔ROBYN ECKHARDT, (Saigon's Banh Mi ), Wallstreet Journal, July 30, 2010〕〔(Bánh mì Sài Gòn ở Mỹ )〕〔("Bánh mì Sài gòn nức tiếng thế giới" ), TuanVietNam, 2012/10/20〕 However, even in Vietnam, "a ''bánh mì'' for breakfast" implies a meat-filled sandwich for breakfast, not just bread.
''Banh mi'' was added to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' on March 24, 2011.〔("Oxford English Dictionary ) retrieved 2011.03.24〕〔Andy Bloxham. (Heart symbol enters Oxford English Dictionary ) "The Telegraph", March 24, 2011〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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